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Enterovirus 71
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a virus of the genus Enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family notable for its etiological role in epidemics of severe neurological diseases in children. It was first isolated and characterized from cases of neurological disease in California in 1969.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Change of Major Genotype of Enterovirus 71 in Outbreaks of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Taiwan between 1998 and 2000 )〕〔(Laboratory Investigation of a Suspected Enterovirus 71 Outbreak )〕 Enterovirus 71 infrequently causes polio-like syndrome permanent paralysis.
==Evolution==
This virus is a member of the enterovirus species A. This virus appears to have evolved only recently with the first known strain isolated in 1965. It was associated with an outbreak of neurological disease in the United States in 1969. It spread then to Europe with outbreaks there in Bulgaria (1975) and Hungary (1978). It has since spread to various countries in Asia where it has been responsible for several outbreaks, most recently in Cambodia (2012).
The strains fall into six genogroups - named A to F. Both the B and C genogroups have been subdivided into B0-B5 and C1-C5. The genogroup C appears to have evolved ~1970 while the A and B taxa evolved prior to this. Genogroup D was identified in India only and genogroups E and F in Africa only. Phylogenetic studies performed on partial sequences of viruses from India suggest that additional genogroups exist.〔
An analysis of strains isolated in Europe (Austria, France and Germany) showed that the clades C1b and C2b originated in 1994 (95% confidence interval 1992.7-1995.8) and 2002 (95% confidence interval 2001.6-2003.8) respectively.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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